The report titled Keyboard, Pulpit and Belonging: Turkey’s Digital Salafi Ecosystem, prepared in cooperation between TEPAV and the International Observatory of Radicalism Association (URAD), has been published.

Drawing on open-source data, the study examines YouTube-centred digital Salafi networks operating in Turkey, focusing on their visibility, content production, forms of religious authority, methods of engaging with young people, and cross-platform connections. The report notes that digital visibility should not, in itself, be regarded as an indicator of societal prevalence; however, it provides a complementary source of data that can be interpreted alongside broader social trends.

“Digital Platforms Have Evolved into New Spaces of Authority”

The report states that digital platforms are no longer merely channels for sharing religious content; they have evolved into new learning spaces where followers access religious knowledge, develop a sense of belonging, and establish relationships of authority.

The study describes YouTube as a “virtual madrasa” where regular lessons are archived, while the relationships formed among followers resemble a “virtual religious community.” By examining lecture videos, websites, PDF archives, books, and messaging applications together, the report highlights that digital da‘wah activities have created an alternative religious education ecosystem.

“Everyday-Life Themes Stand Out in Efforts to Reach Young People”

One of the report’s key findings concerns the content strategies developed by digital da‘wah networks to reach younger audiences.

The report notes that children’s animations, content titled “Children’s Questions,” informal conversation programs, and topics such as school, family, privacy, harmful habits, and everyday religious guidance feature prominently in efforts to engage with young people. However, it emphasizes that these findings are not, in themselves, indicators of radicalization; rather, the study aims to analyze forms of digital engagement and communication networks.

“The Multilayered Structure of Digital Networks Stands Out”

The report highlights that the digital Salafi ecosystem is not confined to a single platform.

Within this YouTube-centred structure, Telegram, WhatsApp, websites, publishing activities, and in-person events form a complementary communication network. Digital da‘wah activities are therefore sustained within an integrated ecosystem spanning multiple platforms.

“A Risk-Based and Inclusive Approach Rather Than a Prohibitive One”

Instead of prohibitive, generalizing approaches to monitoring digital religious networks, the report recommends adopting open-source monitoring policies, strengthening digital literacy, supporting family and school ties, and developing counter-narratives.

The study further notes that security-oriented policies alone will not be sufficient to respond to organizations that produce digital religious content. It therefore emphasizes the importance of strengthening inclusive communication and guidance mechanisms that account for young people’s search for belonging in digital spaces.

You can access the report here.